What are the non-destructive testing projects for steel?
The non-destructive testing projects for steel are very diverse, with the core being the use of physical methods to detect internal and surface defects without damaging the steel, and evaluate its comprehensive performance.
To better understand the different roles of these methods in steel defect detection, please refer to the following diagram:
Five conventional non-destructive testing methods
Ultrasonic testing (this is one of the most widely used and sensitive internal defect detection methods.)
It uses high-frequency sound waves to propagate in materials, and when encountering defects (such as cracks, interlayers, and pores), reflections will occur. By analyzing the reflected waves, the position and size of the defects can be determined.
Radiographic testing (this is the most intuitive and reliable method for detecting internal defects.)
Using X-rays or gamma rays to penetrate steel, due to the different absorption abilities of defects and substrates to radiation, an image will be formed on the film or detector, thus visually displaying defects.
Magnetic particle testing (this is the most sensitive method for detecting surface and near surface defects in ferromagnetic materials)
magnetize the steel, and if there are defects on the surface or near surface, a leakage magnetic field will be generated at the defect site, adsorbing the sprayed magnetic powder and forming visible magnetic traces.
Penetration testing (this is the simplest method for detecting surface opening defects in any non porous material.)
Using capillary action, colored or fluorescent penetrant is infiltrated into the surface opening defects, excess penetrant is cleaned, and then a developer is applied to extract the penetrant from the defect, thereby displaying the defect.
Eddy current testing (this is an effective method for quickly detecting surface and near surface defects of conductive materials.)
Placing a coil with alternating current close to the steel will induce eddy currents on the surface of the steel. Defects can alter the distribution of eddy currents, thereby affecting the impedance of the coil. Defects can be detected by monitoring impedance changes.
Other important testing items:
Visual Inspection (VT)
Leak detection (LT)
Acoustic emission detection (AT)
Holographic/Misalignment Speckle Detection
Infrared thermal imaging detection
Summary
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